page size là gì?
$ apropos pagesize
getpagesize (2) - get memory page size
$ man 2 getpagesize
getpagesize - get memory page size
SYNOPSIS
#include <unistd.h>
int getpagesize(void);
..
DESCRIPTION
The function getpagesize() returns the number of bytes in a memory page,
where "page" is a fixed-length block, the unit for memory allocation and
file mapping performed by mmap(2).
C function getpagesize trả về số bytes trong một memory page, trong đó page là một block có độ dài cố định, là đơn vị để cấp phát bộ nhớ (memory allocation).
Lấy page size bằng CLI, Python, Rust, C
CLI
$ whatis getconf
getconf (1) - Query system configuration variables
getconf (1posix) - get configuration values
$ getconf PAGESIZE
4096
Python
$ python3 -c 'import resource; print(resource.getpagesize())'
4096
Code C của lib resource:
#include <unistd.h> // getpagesize()
...
static int
resource_getpagesize_impl(PyObject *module)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=9ba93eb0f3d6c3a9 input=546545e8c1f42085]*/
{
long pagesize = 0;
#if defined(HAVE_GETPAGESIZE)
pagesize = getpagesize();
#elif defined(HAVE_SYSCONF) && defined(_SC_PAGE_SIZE)
pagesize = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
#else
# error "unsupported platform: resource.getpagesize()"
#endif
return pagesize;
}
C
$ cat main.c
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Page size is %d bytes", getpagesize());
}
$ cc main.c && ./a.out
Page size is 4096 bytes
Rust
$ cargo new pagesize
Creating binary (application) `pagesize` package
note: see more `Cargo.toml` keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
$ cd pagesize/
$ cargo add libc
...
# src/main.rs
fn getpagesize() -> usize {
unsafe { libc::sysconf(libc::_SC_PAGE_SIZE) as usize }
}
fn main() {
println!("Page size is {} bytes", getpagesize());
}
Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "pagesize"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
[dependencies]
libc = "0.2.174"
Kết quả:
$ cargo run
Compiling libc v0.2.174
Compiling pagesize v0.1.0 (/home/me/pagesize)
Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.77s
Running `target/debug/pagesize`
Page size is 4096 bytes
Kết luận
Hầu hết các Linux OS đều dùng page size 4096 bytes hay 4k, thì MacOS M1, M2, M4 lại có page size là 16384 == 16k. Sự khác biệt này dẫn tới nhiều vấn đề thú vị như k3s 16k kernel page builds to support Apple Silicon (ARM64), hay installation of rockylinux 8 not proceeding in MacBook Pro m1 silicon chip
4K pages made sense back when the Intel 386 came out. They are thoroughly obsolete, and the only reason they are the default on typical ARM64 distros is because 4K is the lowest common denominator supported everywhere and the Linux kernel's poor design does not allow deciding the page size at boot time. 16K is unarguably beneficial for all but the smallest embedded systems, and 64K is the logical choice for large servers. 4K pages increase overhead and do not provide a measurable memory savings. There's a reason Apple went with 16K for their entire 64-bit ARM ecosystem (because it's better, and because they control it all so they can make that decision).
Quote marcan
Bài viết thực hiện trên:
$ lsb_release -d; uname -rm
Description: Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS
6.8.0-64-generic x86_64
Hết.
HVN at https://pymi.vn and https://www.familug.org.